Tracheal granulomas, though not generally considered typical tracheal stenoses, can sometimes present in this way. Granulomas are generally supraostial, often caused by irritation associated with a tracheostomy cannula. They are easily resected (See the endoscopic resector chapter).

Tracheal granulomas should not be confused with retraction of the anterior tracheal wall caused by a tracheostomy cannula. A common mistake shown here. This effect is reversed by retracting the cannula.